SQL CREATE TABLE Синтаксис – Изброени от СУБД

Тази статия съдържа SQL CREATE TABLE синтаксис, както се изпълнява от различни системи за управление на бази данни (СУБД). Синтаксисът е посочен точно както всеки доставчик го е посочил на своя уебсайт. Щракнете върху приложимата връзка, за да видите повече подробности за синтаксиса за конкретен доставчик.

Обхванатите СУБД са MySQL, SQL Server, PostgreSQL и Oracle Database.

MySQL

От Справочното ръководство за MySQL 5.7:

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...)
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    [(create_definition,...)]
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]
    [IGNORE | REPLACE]
    [AS] query_expression

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    { LIKE old_tbl_name | (LIKE old_tbl_name) }

create_definition:
    col_name column_definition
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | {INDEX|KEY} [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY]
      [index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | {FULLTEXT|SPATIAL} [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] (index_col_name,...)
      [index_option] ...
  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY
      [index_name] (index_col_name,...) reference_definition
  | CHECK (expr)

column_definition:
    data_type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value]
      [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY]
      [COMMENT 'string']
      [COLUMN_FORMAT {FIXED|DYNAMIC|DEFAULT}]
      [STORAGE {DISK|MEMORY|DEFAULT}]
      [reference_definition]
  | data_type [GENERATED ALWAYS] AS (expression)
      [VIRTUAL | STORED] [UNIQUE [KEY]] [COMMENT comment]
      [NOT NULL | NULL] [[PRIMARY] KEY]

data_type:
    BIT[(length)]
  | TINYINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | SMALLINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | MEDIUMINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | INT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | INTEGER[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | BIGINT[(length)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | REAL[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DOUBLE[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | FLOAT[(length,decimals)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DECIMAL[(length[,decimals])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | NUMERIC[(length[,decimals])] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]
  | DATE
  | TIME[(fsp)]
  | TIMESTAMP[(fsp)]
  | DATETIME[(fsp)]
  | YEAR
  | CHAR[(length)] [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | VARCHAR(length) [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | BINARY[(length)]
  | VARBINARY(length)
  | TINYBLOB
  | BLOB
  | MEDIUMBLOB
  | LONGBLOB
  | TINYTEXT [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | TEXT [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | MEDIUMTEXT [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | LONGTEXT [BINARY]
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | ENUM(value1,value2,value3,...)
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | SET(value1,value2,value3,...)
      [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [COLLATE collation_name]
  | JSON
  | spatial_type

index_col_name:
    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]

index_type:
    USING {BTREE | HASH}

index_option:
    KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value
  | index_type
  | WITH PARSER parser_name
  | COMMENT 'string'

reference_definition:
    REFERENCES tbl_name (index_col_name,...)
      [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE]
      [ON DELETE reference_option]
      [ON UPDATE reference_option]

reference_option:
    RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION

table_options:
    table_option [[,] table_option] ...

table_option:
    ENGINE [=] engine_name
  | AUTO_INCREMENT [=] value
  | AVG_ROW_LENGTH [=] value
  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name
  | CHECKSUM [=] {0 | 1}
  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name
  | COMMENT [=] 'string'
  | COMPRESSION [=] {'ZLIB'|'LZ4'|'NONE'}
  | CONNECTION [=] 'connect_string'
  | DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'absolute path to directory'
  | DELAY_KEY_WRITE [=] {0 | 1}
  | ENCRYPTION [=] {'Y' | 'N'}
  | INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'absolute path to directory'
  | INSERT_METHOD [=] { NO | FIRST | LAST }
  | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value
  | MAX_ROWS [=] value
  | MIN_ROWS [=] value
  | PACK_KEYS [=] {0 | 1 | DEFAULT}
  | PASSWORD [=] 'string'
  | ROW_FORMAT [=] {DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT}
  | STATS_AUTO_RECALC [=] {DEFAULT|0|1}
  | STATS_PERSISTENT [=] {DEFAULT|0|1}
  | STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES [=] value
  | TABLESPACE tablespace_name
  | UNION [=] (tbl_name[,tbl_name]...)

partition_options:
    PARTITION BY
        { [LINEAR] HASH(expr)
        | [LINEAR] KEY [ALGORITHM={1|2}] (column_list)
        | RANGE{(expr) | COLUMNS(column_list)}
        | LIST{(expr) | COLUMNS(column_list)} }
    [PARTITIONS num]
    [SUBPARTITION BY
        { [LINEAR] HASH(expr)
        | [LINEAR] KEY [ALGORITHM={1|2}] (column_list) }
      [SUBPARTITIONS num]
    ]
    [(partition_definition [, partition_definition] ...)]

partition_definition:
    PARTITION partition_name
        [VALUES 
            {LESS THAN {(expr | value_list) | MAXVALUE} 
            | 
            IN (value_list)}]
        [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine_name]
        [COMMENT [=] 'comment_text' ]
        [DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'data_dir']
        [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'index_dir']
        [MAX_ROWS [=] max_number_of_rows]
        [MIN_ROWS [=] min_number_of_rows]
        [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name] 
        [(subpartition_definition [, subpartition_definition] ...)]

subpartition_definition:
    SUBPARTITION logical_name
        [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine_name]
        [COMMENT [=] 'comment_text' ]
        [DATA DIRECTORY [=] 'data_dir']
        [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] 'index_dir']
        [MAX_ROWS [=] max_number_of_rows]
        [MIN_ROWS [=] min_number_of_rows]
        [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name] 

query_expression:
    SELECT ...   (Some valid select or union statement)

SQL сървър

От справочника за Transact-SQL:

CREATE TABLE 
    [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name 
    [ AS FileTable ]
    ( { <column_definition> | <computed_column_definition> 
        | <column_set_definition> | [ <table_constraint> ] [ ,...n ] } )
    [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup 
        | "default" } ] 
    [ { TEXTIMAGE_ON { filegroup | "default" } ] 
    [ FILESTREAM_ON { partition_scheme_name | filegroup 
        | "default" } ]
    [ WITH ( <table_option> [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ; ]

<column_definition> ::= 
column_name <data_type>
    [ FILESTREAM ]
    [ COLLATE collation_name ] 
    [ SPARSE ]
    [ NULL | NOT NULL ]
    [ 
        [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] DEFAULT constant_expression ] 
      | [ IDENTITY [ ( seed ,increment ) ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] 
    ]
    [ ROWGUIDCOL ] 
    [ <column_constraint> [ ...n ] ] 

<data type> ::= 
[ type_schema_name . ] type_name 
    [ ( precision [ , scale ] | max | 
        [ { CONTENT | DOCUMENT } ] xml_schema_collection ) ] 

<column_constraint> ::= 
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] 
{     { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE } 
        [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] 
        [ 
            WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor  
          | WITH ( < index_option > [ , ...n ] ) 
        ] 
        [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) 
            | filegroup | "default" } ]

  | [ FOREIGN KEY ] 
        REFERENCES [ schema_name . ] referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ] 
        [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] 
        [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] 
        [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] 

  | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) 
} 

<computed_column_definition> ::= 
column_name AS computed_column_expression 
[ PERSISTED [ NOT NULL ] ]
[ 
    [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
    { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
        [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
        [ 
            WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor 
          | WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] )
        ]
        [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) 
        | filegroup | "default" } ]

    | [ FOREIGN KEY ] 
        REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ] 
        [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE } ] 
        [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION } ] 
        [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] 

    | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) 
] 

<column_set_definition> ::= 
column_set_name XML COLUMN_SET FOR ALL_SPARSE_COLUMNS

< table_constraint > ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] 
{ 
    { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE } 
        [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ] 
        (column [ ASC | DESC ] [ ,...n ] ) 
        [ 
            WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor 
           |WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] ) 
        ]
        [ ON { partition_scheme_name (partition_column_name)
            | filegroup | "default" } ] 
    | FOREIGN KEY 
        ( column [ ,...n ] ) 
        REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ] 
        [ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] 
        [ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ] 
        [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] 
    | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression ) 
} 
<table_option> ::=
{
    [DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE }
      [ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> } 
      [ , ...n ] ) ]]
    [ FILETABLE_DIRECTORY = <directory_name> ] 
    [ FILETABLE_COLLATE_FILENAME = { <collation_name> | database_default } ]
    [ FILETABLE_PRIMARY_KEY_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ]
    [ FILETABLE_STREAMID_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ]
    [ FILETABLE_FULLPATH_UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME = <constraint_name> ]
}

<index_option> ::=
{ 
    PAD_INDEX = { ON | OFF } 
  | FILLFACTOR = fillfactor 
  | IGNORE_DUP_KEY = { ON | OFF } 
  | STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = { ON | OFF } 
  | ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = { ON | OFF} 
  | ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS ={ ON | OFF} 
  | DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE }
       [ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> } 
       [ , ...n ] ) ]
}
<range> ::= 
<partition_number_expression> TO <partition_number_expression>

PostgreSQL

От ръководството за PostgreSQL 9.5:

CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name ( [
  { column_name data_type [ COLLATE collation ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
    | table_constraint
    | LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ] }
    [, ... ]
] )
[ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]

CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name
    OF type_name [ (
  { column_name WITH OPTIONS [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
    | table_constraint }
    [, ... ]
) ]
[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ]
[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ]
[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]

where column_constraint is:

[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL |
  NULL |
  CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] |
  DEFAULT default_expr |
  UNIQUE index_parameters |
  PRIMARY KEY index_parameters |
  REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ]
    [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]

and table_constraint is:

[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ CHECK ( expression ) [ NO INHERIT ] |
  UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
  PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) index_parameters |
  EXCLUDE [ USING index_method ] ( exclude_element WITH operator [, ... ] ) index_parameters [ WHERE ( predicate ) ] |
  FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ]
    [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] }
[ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ]

and like_option is:

{ INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES | STORAGE | COMMENTS | ALL }

index_parameters in UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, and EXCLUDE constraints are:

[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ]
[ USING INDEX TABLESPACE tablespace_name ]

exclude_element in an EXCLUDE constraint is:

{ column_name | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]

База данни на Oracle

От Oracle Database Online Documentation 12c Издание 1 (12.1):

CREATE [ GLOBAL TEMPORARY ] TABLE [ schema. ] table
  { relational_table | object_table | XMLType_table } ;

Следното предоставя подробности за всяка от трите опции.

релационна_таблица

[ (relational_properties) ]
[ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ]
[ physical_properties ]
[ table_properties ]

обект_таблица

OF
   [ schema. ] object_type
   [ object_table_substitution ]
   [ (object_properties) ]
   [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ]
   [ OID_clause ]
   [ OID_index_clause ]
   [ physical_properties ]
   [ table_properties ]

XMLType_table

OF XMLTYPE
  [ (oject_properties) ]
  [ XMLTYPE XMLType_storage ]
  [ XMLSchema_spec ]
  [ XMLType_virtual_columns ]
  [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ]
  [ OID_clause ]
  [ OID_index_clause ]
  [ physical_properties ]
  [ table_properties ]

Вижте официалната документация на Oracle за подробности относно допълнителните опции, достъпни за всяка от тях.

Използване на GUI

Създаването на таблици може да се извърши и чрез GUI във всяка от системите за управление на база данни или чрез използване на някой от инструментите на GUI, налични за използване с този продукт.

Например, можете да създадете таблица чрез GUI, когато работите с MySQL Workbench.