Това е известно като проблемът с "островите". Използвайки подхода на Ицик Бен Ган:
;WITH YourTable AS
(
SELECT 1 AS N, 'A' AS C UNION ALL
SELECT 2 AS N, 'A' AS C UNION ALL
SELECT 3 AS N, 'A' AS C UNION ALL
SELECT 4 AS N, 'B' AS C UNION ALL
SELECT 5 AS N, 'B' AS C UNION ALL
SELECT 6 AS N, 'B' AS C UNION ALL
SELECT 7 AS N, 'A' AS C UNION ALL
SELECT 8 AS N, 'A' AS C
),
T
AS (SELECT N,
C,
DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY N) -
DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY C ORDER BY N) AS Grp
FROM YourTable)
SELECT COUNT(*),
C
FROM T
GROUP BY C,
Grp
ORDER BY MIN(N)