SQL:Добавете колона с инкрементален идентификатор към SELECT

Използвайте ROW_NUMBER() :

SQLFiddle

SELECT 
  name,
  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name) AS id
FROM people;

РЕДАКТИРАНЕ:

Разлика между ORDER BY 1 срещу ORDER BY column_name

SQLFiddleDemo

SELECT 
    name,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY name) AS id
FROM people;

/* Execution Plan */
QUERY PLAN WindowAgg (cost=83.37..104.37 rows=1200 width=38)
-> Sort (cost=83.37..86.37 rows=1200 width=38)
**Sort Key: name**
-> Seq Scan on people (cost=0.00..22.00 rows=1200 width=38)

SELECT 
    name,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY 1) AS id
FROM people;

/* Execution Plan */
QUERY PLAN WindowAgg (cost=0.00..37.00 rows=1200 width=38)
-> Seq Scan on people (cost=0.00..22.00 rows=1200 width=38)

Във втория случай няма операция за сортиране.

Можете също да напишете втората заявка като:

SELECT 
    name,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER () AS id
FROM people;

Защо хората пишат ORDER BY 1 във функции с прозорец?

Тъй като в някои диалекти се изисква и ORDER BY 1 действа като заместител.

Oracle:

SELECT 
  name,
  ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY 1) AS id
FROM people;

TSQL:

SELECT 
    name,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) AS id
FROM people;