Как да използвам константа на пакета в SQL оператор SELECT?

Не можете.

За да се използва публичен пакет променлива в SQL израз, трябва да напишете функция за обвиване, за да изложите стойността на външния свят:

SQL> create package my_constants_pkg
  2  as
  3    max_number constant number(2) := 42;
  4  end my_constants_pkg;
  5  /

Package created.

SQL> with t as
  2  ( select 10 x from dual union all
  3    select 50 from dual
  4  )
  5  select x
  6    from t
  7   where x < my_constants_pkg.max_number
  8  /
 where x < my_constants_pkg.max_number
           *
ERROR at line 7:
ORA-06553: PLS-221: 'MAX_NUMBER' is not a procedure or is undefined

Създайте функция за обвивка:

SQL> create or replace package my_constants_pkg
  2  as
  3    function max_number return number;
  4  end my_constants_pkg;
  5  /

Package created.

SQL> create package body my_constants_pkg
  2  as
  3    cn_max_number constant number(2) := 42
  4    ;
  5    function max_number return number
  6    is
  7    begin
  8      return cn_max_number;
  9    end max_number
 10    ;
 11  end my_constants_pkg;
 12  /

Package body created.

И сега работи:

SQL> with t as
  2  ( select 10 x from dual union all
  3    select 50 from dual
  4  )
  5  select x
  6    from t
  7   where x < my_constants_pkg.max_number()
  8  /

         X
----------
        10

1 row selected.