Използвайте:
SELECT t1.id,
t1.parent_id,
t1.name,
t2.name AS parent_name,
t2.id AS parent_id
FROM tbl t1
LEFT JOIN tbl t2 ON t2.id = t1.parent_id
START WITH t1.id = 1
CONNECT BY PRIOR t1.id = t1.parent_id