Postgresql - чист начин за вмъкване на записи, ако не съществуват, актуализирайте, ако съществуват

Добре, успях да създам тестов случай. Резултатът е, че частта за актуализиране винаги се изпълнява, дори при ново вмъкване. COPY изглежда заобикаля системата от правила.[За яснота поставих това в отделен отговор]

DROP TABLE pages CASCADE;
CREATE TABLE pages
    ( url VARCHAR NOT NULL  PRIMARY KEY
    , html VARCHAR
    , last TIMESTAMP
    );

INSERT INTO pages(url,html,last) VALUES ('www.example.com://page1' , 'meuk1' , '2001-09-18 23:30:00'::timestamp );

CREATE RULE Pages_Upsert AS ON INSERT TO pages
  WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 from pages P where NEW.url = P.url)
     DO INSTEAD (
     UPDATE pages SET html=new.html , last = NOW() WHERE url = NEW.url
    );

INSERT INTO pages(url,html,last) VALUES ('www.example.com://page2' , 'meuk2' , '2002-09-18 23:30:00':: timestamp );
INSERT INTO pages(url,html,last) VALUES ('www.example.com://page3' , 'meuk3' , '2003-09-18 23:30:00':: timestamp );

INSERT INTO pages(url,html,last) SELECT pp.url || '/added'::text, pp.html || '.html'::text , pp.last + interval '20 years' FROM pages pp;

COPY pages(url,html,last) FROM STDIN;
www.example.com://pageX     stdin   2000-09-18 23:30:00
\.

SELECT * FROM pages;

Резултатът:

              url              |    html    |            last            
-------------------------------+------------+----------------------------
 www.example.com://page1       | meuk1      | 2001-09-18 23:30:00
 www.example.com://page2       | meuk2      | 2011-09-18 23:48:30.775373
 www.example.com://page3       | meuk3      | 2011-09-18 23:48:30.783758
 www.example.com://page1/added | meuk1.html | 2011-09-18 23:48:30.792097
 www.example.com://page2/added | meuk2.html | 2011-09-18 23:48:30.792097
 www.example.com://page3/added | meuk3.html | 2011-09-18 23:48:30.792097
 www.example.com://pageX       | stdin      | 2000-09-18 23:30:00
 (7 rows)

АКТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ:Само за да докажа, че може да се направи:

INSERT INTO pages(url,html,last) VALUES ('www.example.com://page1' , 'meuk1' , '2001-09-18 23:30:00'::timestamp );
CREATE VIEW vpages AS (SELECT * from pages);

CREATE RULE Pages_Upsert AS ON INSERT TO vpages
  DO INSTEAD (
     UPDATE pages p0
     SET html=NEW.html , last = NOW() WHERE p0.url = NEW.url
    ;
     INSERT INTO pages (url,html,last)
    SELECT NEW.url, NEW.html, NEW.last
        WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM pages p1 WHERE p1.url = NEW.url)
    );

CREATE RULE Pages_Indate AS ON UPDATE TO vpages
  DO INSTEAD (
     INSERT INTO pages (url,html,last)
    SELECT NEW.url, NEW.html, NEW.last
        WHERE NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM pages p1 WHERE p1.url = OLD.url)
        ;
     UPDATE pages p0
     SET html=NEW.html , last = NEW.last WHERE p0.url = NEW.url
        ;
    );

INSERT INTO vpages(url,html,last) VALUES ('www.example.com://page2' , 'meuk2' , '2002-09-18 23:30:00':: timestamp );
INSERT INTO vpages(url,html,last) VALUES ('www.example.com://page3' , 'meuk3' , '2003-09-18 23:30:00':: timestamp );

INSERT INTO vpages(url,html,last) SELECT pp.url || '/added'::text, pp.html || '.html'::text , pp.last + interval '20 years' FROM vpages pp;
UPDATE vpages SET last = last + interval '-10 years' WHERE url = 'www.example.com://page1' ;

-- Copy does NOT work on views
-- COPY vpages(url,html,last) FROM STDIN;
-- www.example.com://pageX    stdin    2000-09-18 23:30:00
-- \.

SELECT * FROM vpages;

Резултат:

INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 1
INSERT 0 3
UPDATE 1
              url              |    html    |        last         
-------------------------------+------------+---------------------
 www.example.com://page2       | meuk2      | 2002-09-18 23:30:00
 www.example.com://page3       | meuk3      | 2003-09-18 23:30:00
 www.example.com://page1/added | meuk1.html | 2021-09-18 23:30:00
 www.example.com://page2/added | meuk2.html | 2022-09-18 23:30:00
 www.example.com://page3/added | meuk3.html | 2023-09-18 23:30:00
 www.example.com://page1       | meuk1      | 1991-09-18 23:30:00
(6 rows)

Изгледът е необходим, за да се предотврати преминаването на системата за пренаписване в рекурсия. Конструирането на правило DELETE е оставено като упражнение за читателя.